A zombie is thus a condition a recently deceased host enters when the pathogen is in its active stage. In the comic series, getting zombie bodily fluid blood, bile, saliva, etc. It is unclear in the TV-series whether or not the rule of infection above from the comic series is applicable. Sasha accidentally cut Abraham's arm with her zombie-blood soaked knife, yet he survived, indicating that the rules in the television series are different to a degree.
This was referenced earlier in the Season 2 episode "18 Miles Out", where Shane cuts his own hand with a knife that was previously used to kill a walker, and later wipes his cut hand on a place which a walker has licked. However, in Season 8 , due to a shortage of bullets, Negan Smith orders his men to dunk their weapons in walker guts to use to infect any living survivor with one slash very similar to the comics and the Saviors are successfully able to infect numerous residents of the Hilltop colony by injuring them with their coated weapons.
It is possible that more direct injuries to living survivors such as deep penetration wounds and larger quantities of walker tissue entering the bloodstream are able to cause living survivors to die and turn.
At one point, Daryl Dixon states that this method of infection isn't the same as being bitten, that some people turn and some don't. However, this is contradicted by Tara Chambler who points out that everyone but her who got hit by tainted weapons fell ill and turned. In Tara's case, it is believed that Dwight purposefully shot her with a clean arrow to save her life. In all probability, the injuries to Shane and Abraham mentioned above were not fatal because their wounds were not deep enough to get infected.
As seen in " The Big Scary U ," using the walker guts trick has its own downsides as its possible for the person to get sick from the bacteria and contagions carried in the dead blood and guts. Gabriel Stokes got ill in this manner, though Negan , who used blood from the same walker and put it unprotected on his skin, did not. However, this is simply transmission of already present illnesses and not contagion that turns people into zombies.
As seen in Season 10, it appears that spreading walker blood through a water source does not contaminate it with the pathogen. When Mary did this to Alexandria 's water supply, the residents only got cholera. In addition, the community's water filters would've stopped it had Dante not turned them off. As mentioned previously, during the dormant stage, the pathogen is asymptomatic.
The host will thus remain healthy despite being technically 'infected' and will continue to remain so as long they are alive. After the host dies, the dormant pathogen enters the active stage and will begin the process of reanimating the body through the infection and reactivation of neural structures in the brain.
No matter how an individual dies, unless their brain was severely damaged or destroyed, they will reanimate into a zombie following death. The pathogen enters the active stage when an individual dies and is responsible for the host's reanimation as a zombie.
When an individual is bitten by a zombie, the active pathogen is transmitted into them as well as a plethora of bacteria and other infectious agents that reside in a zombie's mouth. In the event that amputation fails or is not possible, it is believed that the active pathogen then induces a fatal and irreversible cytokine storm, causing a high fever, aches, extreme fatigue, and nausea.
As the infection progresses, the active pathogen invades and spreads through the brain like meningitis, infecting synapses and other neural structures that are concentrated in the brain stem and parts of the cerebellum.
At the climax of the infection, the adrenal glands hemorrhage and the brain completely shuts down. All brain activity would cease, followed by the major organs and the body would be clinically dead: no measurable brain activity, no reflexes, and no respiration or pulse. The time between the onset of the symptoms and death, followed by reanimation is very dependent on the severity, location, and quantity of the bite wound s of individuals who cannot be saved.
In " The Good Man " of Fear the Walking Dead , Elizabeth Ortiz , after spending time with military doctor Bethany Exner , implies that all the infection itself from the bites does is kill the person. The reanimation comes from the person dying as it would if they died of something like a gunshot or stab wound. The dead corpse of anyone that dies for any reason will reanimate as a zombie, unless the brain of the individual is badly damaged or destroyed, or the person was dead prior to the outbreak.
As seen on the MRI of Candace Jenner, when a person dies, the active pathogen they carry enters the active stage, and reactivates critical areas of the brain that it infected, specifically the brain stem and some parts of the cerebrum and cerebellum that support necessary vital systems such as movement, resulting in reanimation after a variable amount of time.
Since the active pathogen only reactivates the brain stem and not parts of the brain such as the frontal lobe and neocortex that are responsible for higher-order brain functions, the reanimated person retains only a physical resemblance to their former self. In the TV Series, it was stated by Dr. Jenner that according to all gathered evidence and research available at the time a corpse can reanimate between three minutes and eight hours after death, though there are instances where reanimation seems to happen much quicker, and the video game suggests that it could happen in seconds.
In the comic book, the group commonly encounters two zombie types: wandering, noise attracted "roamers," and lethargic "lurkers. It ignores Rick and Shane. In Volume 4 , a lurker bites Allen as he carelessly passes it by. In Volume 10 , Eugene studies a lurker that is too weak to move, suggesting that after time and lack of food, roamers become lurkers that become less alert and active as time passes.
In a recent letter column, Kirkman promises more hints of zombie physiology, and in a recent column he confirmed that " The body of the corpses, very likely through the zombie pathogen, manages to avoid immediate decomposition like regular human corpses, being able to halt or at least slow down, decomposition for years, if not decades at a time.
In the show, it has been demonstrated that zombies don't require sustenance by eating, but have a strong desire to do so. This is despite the fact that they have no digestive or circulatory activity which makes them unable to digest whatever flesh they consume. Zombies do not need to breathe, evidenced by Pete Dolgen still trying to reach for humans while underwater.
Zombies may very rarely "dodge" melee attacks by leaning out of the way slightly, and some have been observed holding up their arms to likewise block attacks. Milton Mamet once stated that zombies do starve, but "slower" than humans. Much like in the comics, decomposition is dramatically slowed down compared to a regular corpse.
Cliff Carlucci likely died not long after the outbreak, but was still active a decade later. Zombies have the ability to detect scents and can differentiate between the living and the dead; they prefer to feed on living flesh. Covering one's self in the scent of decay can act as a camouflage. They can also use sight to distinguish the living from the dead, although they seem to have poor eyesight as their irises fade and decay over time.
They make up for this with heightened senses of hearing and smell. Darkness seems to have little effect on zombies' senses at close range, and in areas devoid of light they can still find their way around as they would in the day. Individual zombie strength depends on the physical makeup of the individual and on how long they have been reanimated.
When attacking, zombies often become more lively, exhibiting full-body effort, and can produce enough force to quickly overwhelm an adult human.
Zombies have been shown to be able to rip open human and animal victims with ease, and they can even rip off human limbs with enough force. As zombies decay, however, their muscles, and consequently, their entire body, becomes slowly, but surely, weaker. Zombies feel no pain. Although slow and seemingly unintelligent when not active, they can react quickly to sufficient stimulation, and can rapidly overpower a victim they have taken by surprise.
Though their bodies are no more or less durable than a non-decomposed human body, they can absorb all manner of physical damage, even when badly decomposed. Anything other than a head attack, spinal cord severing, or dismemberment leaves them seemingly unfazed.
As long as their brain remains intact, everything that is attached to the brain can continue to function as normal, even if only the skull remains and is severed from the body.
Other than a mostly intact brain, zombies don't appear to require any vital systems or organ functions to survive, although their ambulatory functions do decrease as their level of decomposition increases. Sufficient physical damage can slow them down, or render them incapacitated. Compared to humans, zombies have rather limited mobility. Unstimulated, zombies stand still, or shuffle around slowly. When in this state they are sometimes referred to as "lurkers," as they can quickly activate, attack and kill.
Zombies can also be found lying on the ground or in piles of other bodies, and can appear to be dead until stimulated. If they are pursuing a possible victim, zombies can move somewhat more quickly, roughly equivalent to a very light jogging pace. They can also lunge very short distances to grab close prey. They are difficult to shake off if they do manage to grab their victims, often allowing their arm to be ripped off before they will begin to let go.
A reanimated body responds to stimuli such as light, scent, and loud noises. Oddly, even if the head is separated from the body, as long as the brain is intact, the head will still attempt to eat anything within reach. The body of a zombie does appear to be truly dead, which means that it does not feel pain, has no reflexes, and wounds to it will not heal; its rate of decomposition slows drastically but does continue. There is anecdotal evidence that some retain vestigial elements of memory and personality and this is shown some repeating behavior such as clinging to possessions, attempting to open doors, and even using large rocks to break through windows and doors.
It has been hinted at that newly reanimated corpses retain some basic sense of intellect and perhaps memory, and can perform very basic tasks such as opening doors. They have no sense of self-preservation other than eating, and will not react at all to the deaths of other zombies or to potentially lethal dangers to themselves. Zombies instinctively bite whatever prey they come in contact with, but have also been observed clawing at, tearing, and even punching humans and animals in order to topple them.
They are slow and have a hard time overcoming obstacles, but have on occasion been shown to perform tasks like running and climbing fences.
Because a zombie is derived from a human form, it is limited physically by many of the same constraints that a human has. But because a zombie is, by definition, dead, it slowly rots and decays like other dead organisms. Over time, flesh and muscles deteriorate, and it becomes less and less formidable. They are only truly killed by destroying the brain, a common theme in many zombie variations.
A severed head will remain animated and aggressive until the brain is destroyed or eventually disintegrates from decomposition. Fire has little effect on zombies, other than possibly angering them further, and normally lethal things such as acid or electricity also do little to impede them.
They can be paralyzed if their spinal cords are severed, though if they still have enough functional use of their arms only makes them much less ambulatory, clawing and dragging themselves across the ground. Though zombies retain a physical resemblance to the living, cognitive similarities are almost non-existent beyond low-level functions, though there are examples of behavior that suggest zombies may retain small fragments of memory of their past lives.
Zombies have enough intelligence to walk upright, to use their bodies to break objects, and to climb around or over somewhat small obstacles such as chain-link fences. Zombies can ascend and descend staircases, albeit very clumsily and slowly. They cannot generally operate doors or gates and only attempt to do so when they are relatively "fresh"; they tend to bash through obstacles rather than traversing them.
Mostly, zombies are void of any emotional expression and thought. When stimulated, whether by noise, sight of prey, or simply encountering a problem they cannot solve, such as being unable to open a locked door, they quickly descend into a state of murderous aggression.
If they spot prey when stimulated, they can pursue them ceaselessly, showing ravenous hunger. They are not hunters, however, and take no concern in alerting their victims or trying to hunt them with intelligence, always seeming to roar, grunt, and growl whenever they are stimulated. Zombies seem to only be drawn to noise such as that of a gunshot , presumably because they attribute the source of the noise to be caused by potential victims, and the smell of any blood that does not belong to a zombie.
They have however occasionally been shown to be able to catch their victims by surprise, notably the walker who fatally wounded Dale Horvath which approached him silently and before pouncing him was only stimulated when Dale turned to see it. Zombies also tend to form groups and stick together, and mimic the actions of other zombies, giving them a mob mentality. This can lead to zombies forming "herds," large hordes of zombies are far more dangerous and aggressive than smaller groups.
Earlier in the episode, a marine leader says the " source and nature of the current crisis could not be confirmed, " so the space spore theory could be just that, a theory.
Regardless, fans may have noticed the significance of this small moment on Sunday's episode. Back in January, a fan tweeted at Kirkman asking "what caused the zombies.
Many weren't sure if Kirkman was joking or if he just decided to give away the answer now that the long-running comic series ended in July In April, when some media outlets started reporting Kirkman's "space spore" reveal as fact, Kirkman clarified that he wasn't being serious.
It's unclear whether or not "TWDWB" was simply making a nod to Kirkman's joke, making a joke of its own, or was delivering an off-the-cuff answer to the show's longest lingering mystery. Either way, "TWD" universe is definitely leaning into the virus explanation. Earlier in the season, eagle-eyed viewers may have noticed a flyer young Elton picked up in a flashback on episode five referred to the crisis as an "outbreak.
Many resources are invested in the problem, and a solution will be found. Honestly if a scientist from Washington came to the character and told them what happened the characters would just shrug and say 'Oh… okay…' it wouldn't change their lives at all … and… I've said too much.
Kirkman also said the television series was unlikely to ever explore a cure for the virus, which has plagued humanity for a decade as of The Walking Dead Season To go off and try to solve this would be a boring show, so definitely not.
Part of this might have to do with the viral outbreak targeting the existing brain tissue and reanimating it to perform basic functions. It's hard to imagine hearing being among them, however. Since the virus reduces the zombie to a mindless eating machine, it's odd to think that it has use of its ears and can still hear well. Even if it were possible, it seems improbable that a zombie would put two and two together from sounds versus images. As far as The Walking Dead has revealed, the virus responsible for the zombie outbreak reanimates the brain and gives it enough juice to turn a corpse into a bipedal nibble machine.
Just as the rate of decay makes little sense, so too does the lack of bugs responsible for breaking down the body after death. Typically, certain insects such as maggots will make short work of consumable materials fairly quickly before bigger and beefier bugs show up to take care of the tougher stuff.
It makes no sense to see zombie corpses effectively frozen in time without scores of creepy crawlers devouring them as nature intended. Rigor mortis occurs shortly after death and can last an average of 72 hours, at which point the condition recedes. Such a phenomenon has yet to be witnessed on The Walking Dead. Freshly killed humans reanimate just when rigor is supposed to set in, which makes no sense from a biological standpoint. Brain activity doesn't prevent rigor mortis, as the condition is dependent on calcium ions in the membranes of muscle cells.
Therefore, one should see a bunch of zombies locked up with nowhere to go, rather than shuffling around in search of a snack.
Many zombies in The Walking Dead look like they've been around legitimately for years, but even the recent dead should be susceptible to decomposition of the eyes. Yet, the most audiences see are milky and hazy eyes commonly associated with post-death conditions.
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